Difference between revisions of "308 - Geotextiles for Base"

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<center><span STYLE="font: 40pt arial;">'''Geotextiles for Base'''</span></center>
 
<center><span STYLE="font: 40pt arial;">'''Geotextiles for Base'''</span></center>
−
<p class=MsoTitle>308 – Geosynthetics for Base </p>
 
−
 
−
<h1 style='mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span
 
−
style='mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'><span
 
−
style='mso-list:Ignore'>1<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
−
</span></span></span><![endif]>General Description</h1>
 
−
 
−
<h2 style='mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span
 
−
style='mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'><span
 
−
style='mso-list:Ignore'>1.1<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
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</span></span></span><![endif]><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Definitions
 
−
and Terms<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoNormal><b>Geogrid</b>: Geogrid is a type of geosynthetic material
 
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employed to enhance the strength and stability of soil or aggregate layers.</p>
 
−
 
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<p class=MsoNormal><b>Geotextile</b>: Geotextile is a specialized fabric with
 
−
the capacity to filter, separate, reinforce, and facilitate drainage in roadway
 
−
applications.</p>
 
−
 
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<p class=MsoNormal><b>Geotextile Separator</b>: Geotextile separator is a
 
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fabric designed to prevent intermixing between different layers, effectively
 
−
serving to separate and maintain distinct layers. The fabric may be woven or
 
−
non-woven depending on desired application. </p>
 
−
 
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<p class=MsoNormal><b>Geotextile Stabilization</b>: Geotextile stabilization
 
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involves the use of fabrics placed over inadequate soils to provide support
 
−
while allowing water drainage. The fabric may be woven or non-woven depending
 
−
on desired application.</p>
 
−
 
−
<h2 style='mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span
 
−
style='mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'><span
 
−
style='mso-list:Ignore'>1.2<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
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</span></span></span><![endif]>General Overview</h2>
 
−
 
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<p class=MsoNormal>Geosynthetic materials are used as a base to enhance
 
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stability and strength in areas where unsuitable soils are encountered. They
 
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also prevent intermixing of materials between different layers of the roadway
 
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foundation due to repeated loading over time. </p>
 
−
 
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<p class=MsoNormal>During design and development, a geotechnical engineer performs
 
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an investigation to assess the suitability of the existing soils. This
 
−
evaluation aims to identify any unsuitable soils that could lead to expensive
 
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deep excavation or necessitate modifications to the intended design. Based on
 
−
these findings, the geotechnical engineer makes a recommendation to use
 
−
geosynthetic materials during construction. </p>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoNormal>During construction, geotextiles are used for remediation of
 
−
unstable soils under the direction of the construction Engineer based on the
 
−
recommendation from a geotechnical engineer. </p>
 
−
 
−
<h1 style='mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span
 
−
style='mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'><span
 
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style='mso-list:Ignore'>2<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
−
</span></span></span><![endif]>Materials</h1>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoNormal>All materials must meet acceptance requirements in the <a
 
−
href="https://www.michigan.gov/mdot/Business/Construction/Materials-Source-Guide">Materials
 
−
Source Guide</a> and be listed on the Contractor-provided Material Source Lists
 
−
in the project files.</p>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoNormal>Materials associated with installation of geosynthetics are
 
−
to meet <a
 
−
href="https://mdotwiki.state.mi.us/images_construction/9/95/2020-Standard-Specifications-Construction.pdf#page=902">Section
 
−
910 of the Standard Specifications for Construction</a>.</p>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoNormal>Geosynthetic materials are delivered by the supplier in
 
−
rolls of different widths and lengths and are generally wrapped in a black
 
−
plastic film. It is essential to store these rolls elevated above the ground
 
−
and away from chemical exposure. Additionally, ensure protection from moisture,
 
−
extreme temperatures (above 140 degrees F or below -20 degrees F), and
 
−
ultraviolet light. To prevent ultraviolet degradation, avoid exposing
 
−
geotextile fabric and geogrid to sunlight for more than 7 days. Geosynthetics
 
−
must conform to <a
 
−
href="https://mdotwiki.state.mi.us/images_construction/9/95/2020-Standard-Specifications-Construction.pdf#page=905">Table
 
−
910-1</a> and <a
 
−
href="https://mdotwiki.state.mi.us/images_construction/9/95/2020-Standard-Specifications-Construction.pdf#page=906">Table
 
−
910-2</a> of the Standard Specifications for Construction.</p>
 
−
 
−
<h2 style='mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span
 
−
style='mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'><span
 
−
style='mso-list:Ignore'>2.1<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
−
</span></span></span><![endif]>Description of Materials </h2>
 
−
 
−
<h3 style='mso-list:l0 level3 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span
 
−
style='mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'><span
 
−
style='mso-list:Ignore'>2.1.1<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
−
</span></span></span><![endif]>Woven Geotextile Fabric</h3>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoNormal>Woven geotextile fabric can be made of polyester or
 
−
polypropylene slit films, fibrillated yarns, or monofilaments. Individual threads
 
−
are woven to create strong geotextile fabric used for separation and
 
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reinforcement. <a name="_Hlk178071774">The texture is an easily seen coarse
 
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weave. </a>Woven geotextiles are semi-impermeable. Due to their poor
 
−
permeability, woven geotextiles should not be used in areas where vertical
 
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drainage is critical. </p>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoNormal style='page-break-after:avoid'><span style='mso-no-proof:
 
−
yes'><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75"
 
−
o:preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f">
 
−
<v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/>
 
−
<v:formulas>
 
−
  <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/>
 
−
  <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/>
 
−
  <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/>
 
−
  <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/>
 
−
  <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/>
 
−
  <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/>
 
−
  <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/>
 
−
  <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/>
 
−
  <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/>
 
−
  <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/>
 
−
  <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/>
 
−
  <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/>
 
−
</v:formulas>
 
−
<v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/>
 
−
<o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/>
 
−
</v:shapetype><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_3" o:spid="_x0000_i1034" type="#_x0000_t75"
 
−
alt="Close-up of a woven material&#10;&#10;Description automatically generated"
 
−
style='width:187.5pt;height:187.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
 
−
<v:imagedata src="308%20-%20Geosynthetics%20for%20Base_files/image001.jpg"
 
−
  o:title="Close-up of a woven material&#10;&#10;Description automatically generated"/>
 
−
</v:shape></span><span style='mso-tab-count:3'>                                  </span><span
 
−
style='mso-no-proof:yes'><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_7" o:spid="_x0000_i1033"
 
−
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:180pt;height:190.5pt;visibility:visible;
 
−
mso-wrap-style:square'>
 
−
<v:imagedata src="308%20-%20Geosynthetics%20for%20Base_files/image002.jpg"
 
−
  o:title="" croptop="1638f" cropleft="2532f" cropright="2532f"/>
 
−
</v:shape></span></p>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoCaption><a name="_Hlk157174028">Woven Geotextile Fabric</a>
 
−
Close-Up<span style='mso-tab-count:6'>                                                                                  </span>Woven
 
−
Geotextile Fabric Roll</p>
 
−
 
−
<h3 style='mso-list:l0 level3 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span
 
−
style='mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'><span
 
−
style='mso-list:Ignore'>2.1.2<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
−
</span></span></span><![endif]>Non-Woven</h3>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoNormal>Non-woven geotextile fabric is made of synthetic materials
 
−
such as polyester or polypropylene fibers. Short and long fibers are bound
 
−
together through needle punching or other methods, and heat treatment is
 
−
usually applied to improve strength. <a name="_Hlk178071883">The texture is </a><span
 
−
class=GramE><span style='mso-bookmark:_Hlk178071883'>similar to</span></span><span
 
−
style='mso-bookmark:_Hlk178071883'> felt material. </span>Non-woven fabric is more
 
−
permeable than woven fabric and is used for filtration and separation. </p>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoNormal style='page-break-after:avoid'><span style='mso-no-proof:
 
−
yes'><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_4" o:spid="_x0000_i1032" type="#_x0000_t75"
 
−
style='width:186.75pt;height:186.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
 
−
<v:imagedata src="308%20-%20Geosynthetics%20for%20Base_files/image003.jpg"
 
−
  o:title=""/>
 
−
</v:shape></span><span style='mso-tab-count:3'>                                  </span><span
 
−
style='mso-no-proof:yes'><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_9" o:spid="_x0000_i1031"
 
−
type="#_x0000_t75" alt="A roll of black fabric&#10;&#10;Description automatically generated"
 
−
style='width:187.5pt;height:187.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
 
−
<v:imagedata src="308%20-%20Geosynthetics%20for%20Base_files/image004.jpg"
 
−
  o:title="A roll of black fabric&#10;&#10;Description automatically generated"/>
 
−
</v:shape></span></p>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoCaption>Non-Woven Geotextile Fabric Close-Up<span style='mso-tab-count:
 
−
5'>                                                                        </span>Non-Woven
 
−
Geotextile Fabric Roll</p>
 
−
 
−
<h3 style='mso-list:l0 level3 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span
 
−
style='mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'><span
 
−
style='mso-list:Ignore'>2.1.3<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
−
</span></span></span><![endif]>Geogrid</h3>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoNormal><a name="_Hlk188949088">Geogrid is comprised of extruded
 
−
polypropylene and can have varying strength axes depending on the application.
 
−
It comes in uniaxial, biaxial, or multiaxial forms. The openings in the geogrid
 
−
allow aggregates to interlock with the geogrid. This provides confinement and
 
−
restrains aggregate from lateral movement. The geogrid is sized for the
 
−
aggregate that will be placed over it. The main difference between each form is
 
−
the strength axis. </a></p>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style='margin-left:.25in;mso-add-space:auto;
 
−
text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo12;tab-stops:list .25in'><span
 
−
style='mso-bookmark:_Hlk188949088'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:
 
−
Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span
 
−
style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
−
</span></span></span><![endif]>Uniaxial geogrid has strength in one direction
 
−
and the placement orientation is dependent on this direction. Care must be
 
−
taken to ensure the strength axis is placed appropriately in the field. </span></p>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:.25in;mso-add-space:
 
−
auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo12;tab-stops:list .25in'><span
 
−
style='mso-bookmark:_Hlk188949088'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:
 
−
Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span
 
−
style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
−
</span></span></span><![endif]>Biaxial geogrid has strength in both axes.
 
−
Biaxial geogrid provides more stabilization than uniaxial geogrid. This is the <span
 
−
class=GramE>most commonly used</span> type of geogrid on roadway projects. </span></p>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style='margin-left:.25in;mso-add-space:auto;
 
−
text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l7 level1 lfo12;tab-stops:list .25in'><span
 
−
style='mso-bookmark:_Hlk188949088'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-family:
 
−
Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol'><span
 
−
style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
−
</span></span></span><![endif]>Multiaxial geogrid has strength in multiple
 
−
directions and provides the most stability. The grid pattern and amount of
 
−
strength axes can vary depending on the application. </span></p>
 
−
 
−
<span style='mso-bookmark:_Hlk188949088'></span>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoNormal style='page-break-after:avoid'><span style='mso-no-proof:
 
−
yes'><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_5" o:spid="_x0000_i1030" type="#_x0000_t75"
 
−
style='width:187.5pt;height:187.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
 
−
<v:imagedata src="308%20-%20Geosynthetics%20for%20Base_files/image005.jpg"
 
−
  o:title=""/>
 
−
</v:shape></span><span style='mso-tab-count:3'>                                  </span><span
 
−
style='mso-no-proof:yes'><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_11" o:spid="_x0000_i1029"
 
−
type="#_x0000_t75" alt="A close-up of several metal mesh&#10;&#10;Description automatically generated"
 
−
style='width:187.5pt;height:187.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
 
−
<v:imagedata src="308%20-%20Geosynthetics%20for%20Base_files/image006.jpg"
 
−
  o:title="A close-up of several metal mesh&#10;&#10;Description automatically generated"/>
 
−
</v:shape></span></p>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoCaption>Biaxial Geogrid Close-Up<span style='mso-tab-count:6'>                                                                                  </span>Biaxial
 
−
Geogrid Rolls</p>
 
−
 
−
<h1 style='mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span
 
−
style='mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'><span
 
−
style='mso-list:Ignore'>3<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
−
</span></span></span><![endif]>Equipment</h1>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoNormal>The Contractor may use a front-end loader or other
 
−
appropriate equipment to deliver the material to a specific location. The
 
−
placement of geosynthetic material is done by hand.<span
 
−
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></p>
 
−
 
−
<h1 style='mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span
 
−
style='mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'><span
 
−
style='mso-list:Ignore'>4<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
−
</span></span></span><![endif]>Preconstruction</h1>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoNormal>General certifications from an independent testing
 
−
laboratory must be furnished to the Engineer prior to material use. The
 
−
Inspector should perform the following activities prior to the start of geosynthetic
 
−
construction:</p>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style='margin-left:.25in;mso-add-space:auto;
 
−
text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo9;tab-stops:list .25in'><![if !supportLists]><span
 
−
style='mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'><span
 
−
style='mso-list:Ignore'>1.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
−
</span></span></span><![endif]>Review the plans to verify the locations for the
 
−
geosynthetic material.</p>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:.25in;mso-add-space:
 
−
auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo9;tab-stops:list .25in'><![if !supportLists]><span
 
−
style='mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'><span
 
−
style='mso-list:Ignore'>2.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
−
</span></span></span><![endif]>Verify the base material elevation and cross
 
−
slope have been confirmed by a survey.</p>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:.25in;mso-add-space:
 
−
auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo9;tab-stops:list .25in'><![if !supportLists]><span
 
−
style='mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'><span
 
−
style='mso-list:Ignore'>3.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
−
</span></span></span><![endif]>Review the plans and the Special Provision for
 
−
Maintenance of Traffic. There may be restrictions or staging requirements impacting
 
−
installation of the material. <a name="_Hlk161814906">Installation restrictions
 
−
are </a>typically associated with staging requirements and access to side
 
−
streets and driveways.</p>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:.25in;mso-add-space:
 
−
auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo9;tab-stops:list .25in'><![if !supportLists]><span
 
−
style='mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'><span
 
−
style='mso-list:Ignore'>4.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
−
</span></span></span><![endif]>Verify all materials are approved for use and
 
−
meet <span class=GramE>specifications, and</span> verify that stockpiled
 
−
materials are protected from weather and sunlight as required by the
 
−
specifications and manufacturer recommendations. </p>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:.25in;mso-add-space:
 
−
auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo9;tab-stops:list .25in'><![if !supportLists]><span
 
−
style='mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'><span
 
−
style='mso-list:Ignore'>5.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
−
</span></span></span><![endif]>Obtain photographs of material labels, storage
 
−
method, and location.</p>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:.25in;mso-add-space:
 
−
auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo9;tab-stops:list .25in'><![if !supportLists]><span
 
−
style='mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'><span
 
−
style='mso-list:Ignore'>6.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
−
</span></span></span><![endif]>Discuss with the Contractor the methods that
 
−
will be used to install the geosynthetic material, include protection after
 
−
placement, overlap requirements, and sequencing of placement.</p>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l2 level2 lfo9;
 
−
tab-stops:list .5in'><![if !supportLists]><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:
 
−
Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>a.<span
 
−
style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><![endif]>Verify
 
−
the installation procedure is in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommended
 
−
installation procedure. </p>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style='margin-left:.25in;mso-add-space:auto;
 
−
text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo9;tab-stops:list .25in'><![if !supportLists]><span
 
−
style='mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'><span
 
−
style='mso-list:Ignore'>7.<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
−
</span></span></span><![endif]>Contact residents and businesses if there will be
 
−
temporary access restrictions. </p>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><v:shape id="_x0000_i1028"
 
−
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:455.25pt;height:444pt;visibility:visible;
 
−
mso-wrap-style:square'>
 
−
<v:imagedata src="308%20-%20Geosynthetics%20for%20Base_files/image007.png"
 
−
  o:title=""/>
 
−
</v:shape></span></p>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoCaption>Sample General Certification of Test Results</p>
 
−
 
−
<h1 style='mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span
 
−
style='mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'><span
 
−
style='mso-list:Ignore'>5<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
−
</span></span></span><![endif]>Construction</h1>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoNormal>Geosynthetic materials come in rolls and are ready for
 
−
installation. The surface should be properly prepared as shown on the plans, noted
 
−
in the specifications, or as directed by the Engineer, before placing the
 
−
geosynthetic layer. To prevent undue exposure or damage to the materials, the
 
−
Contractor should place only the amount required for immediately pending work. </p>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoNormal>Construction equipment is prohibited from running directly
 
−
on the material. The Contractor should stage their work such that aggregate
 
−
placement will allow construction equipment the ability to spread the aggregate
 
−
over the material as the work progresses. </p>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoNormal>The Contractor should regularly inspect the geosynthetic
 
−
layer after placement to ensure no visible damage has been done to it during
 
−
unwrapping and placement procedures.</p>
 
−
 
−
<h2 style='mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span
 
−
style='mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'><span
 
−
style='mso-list:Ignore'>5.1<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
−
</span></span></span><![endif]>Geotextile Fabric</h2>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoNormal>The Contractor should place geotextile fabric in direct
 
−
contact with the soil below in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation
 
−
guidelines. Placement should commence from the downstream location and continue
 
−
upstream. Refer to the profile sheets of the plans to determine flow direction
 
−
for the roadway. All wrinkles or waves developed during placement should be
 
−
eliminated. The Inspector should verify all seams are shingle-lapped a minimum
 
−
of 2 feet for both longitudinal and transverse seams. At the stage line,
 
−
additional material may need to be placed to allow for the required overlap
 
−
once the subsequent stage has begun. If the Contractor elects to stitch the
 
−
seam together, they should follow the manufacturer’s <span class=GramE>recommendations</span>
 
−
and the seam should face upwards for inspection purposes. The Inspector should
 
−
verify stitching of seams is not completed with nylon thread. Ensure the field
 
−
or factory seams meet the minimum grab tensile strength for the application in
 
−
accordance with ASTM D4632/D4632M. Any damage or tears to the geotextile fabric
 
−
during placement must be repaired by the Contractor in accordance with the
 
−
manufacturer’s recommendations at no expense to the contract. Typically, the
 
−
repair patch will extend a minimum of 3 feet beyond the damaged area. </p>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoNormal style='page-break-after:avoid'><span style='mso-no-proof:
 
−
yes'><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_8" o:spid="_x0000_i1027" type="#_x0000_t75"
 
−
alt="A construction site with many vehicles&#10;&#10;Description automatically generated with medium confidence"
 
−
style='width:477.75pt;height:212.25pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
 
−
<v:imagedata src="308%20-%20Geosynthetics%20for%20Base_files/image008.jpg"
 
−
  o:title="A construction site with many vehicles&#10;&#10;Description automatically generated with medium confidence"
 
−
  cropbottom="37532f" cropright="18215f"/>
 
−
</v:shape></span></p>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoCaption>Geotextile Fabric, Installation</p>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_1"
 
−
o:spid="_x0000_i1026" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:7in;height:239.25pt;
 
−
visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
 
−
<v:imagedata src="308%20-%20Geosynthetics%20for%20Base_files/image009.png"
 
−
  o:title=""/>
 
−
</v:shape></span></p>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoCaption>Typical Repair Detail</p>
 
−
 
−
<h2 style='mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span
 
−
style='mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'><span
 
−
style='mso-list:Ignore'>5.2<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
−
</span></span></span><![endif]>Geogrid</h2>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoNormal>The Contractor will unroll the geogrid parallel to the
 
−
roadway centerline, and in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation
 
−
guidelines. Verification the strength axis of the geogrid is placed in
 
−
accordance with the manufacturer’s guidelines is key to the functionality of
 
−
the geogrid. Failure to do so could cause the geogrid not to perform its
 
−
intended purpose. They should anchor the geosynthetic material in place,
 
−
eliminate wrinkles or waves, and overlap adjacent rolls a minimum of 2 feet, or
 
−
according to manufacturer guidelines. <a name="_Hlk156553987">The Inspector should
 
−
verify the geogrid is taut prior to placement of the subsequent aggregate
 
−
layer. To assist in tensioning the geogrid, placement of the subsequent
 
−
aggregate layer must proceed from the centerline of the geogrid and be placed
 
−
outward whenever possible. The Contractor should verify any wrinkles that
 
−
developed during aggregate placement are flattened prior to being covered. A
 
−
minimum of 6 inches of the subsequent aggregate layer should be placed over the
 
−
geogrid before allowing construction vehicles on the geogrid. </a></p>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoNormal style='page-break-after:avoid'><span style='mso-bookmark:
 
−
_Hlk156553987'><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_10"
 
−
o:spid="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="A road with rocks and gravel&#10;&#10;Description automatically generated with medium confidence"
 
−
style='width:483pt;height:273.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
 
−
<v:imagedata src="308%20-%20Geosynthetics%20for%20Base_files/image010.jpg"
 
−
  o:title="A road with rocks and gravel&#10;&#10;Description automatically generated with medium confidence"/>
 
−
</v:shape></span></span></p>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoCaption><span style='mso-bookmark:_Hlk156553987'>Biaxial Geogrid,
 
−
Installed</span></p>
 
−
 
−
<span style='mso-bookmark:_Hlk156553987'></span>
 
−
 
−
<h2 style='mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><strong><span
 
−
style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-weight:
 
−
normal'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>5.3<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
−
</span></span></span></strong><![endif]><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;
 
−
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
 
−
mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>Aggregate or Granular Material Placement<o:p></o:p></span></strong></h2>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoNormal>After the Contractor places the geosynthetic material, they
 
−
are to spread and shape the subsequent layer of aggregate or granular material
 
−
to create a stable work platform before compaction. Additional aggregate or
 
−
granular material may be placed, as required by applicable sections, and
 
−
compacted. All ruts should be filled with additional aggregate or granular
 
−
material and compacted before placing each subsequent layer. Some deformation
 
−
of the geosynthetic material will occur during aggregate installation as the
 
−
materials interlock together. Minor waviness is acceptable <span class=GramE>as
 
−
long as</span> it is not bunched or pinched as aggregate is placed. Bunching or
 
−
pinching will lead to damage or reduced performance of the geosynthetic
 
−
material. To reduce waviness and prevent bunching and pinching, the Contractor should
 
−
ensure the geosynthetic is placed taut prior to placing aggregate on it.<span
 
−
style='mso-spacerun:yes'>  </span></p>
 
−
 
−
<h1 style='mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span
 
−
style='mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'><span
 
−
style='mso-list:Ignore'>6<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
−
</span></span></span><![endif]>Inspection &amp; Testing</h1>
 
−
 
−
<h2 style='mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><strong><span
 
−
style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-weight:
 
−
normal'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>6.1<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
−
</span></span></span></strong><![endif]><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;
 
−
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
 
−
mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>Inspection Procedures<o:p></o:p></span></strong></h2>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:6.0pt;background:white'><span
 
−
style='font-size:10.5pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:
 
−
Arial;color:#202122;mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-ligatures:none'>The Inspector
 
−
should utilize, at a minimum, the following tools to perform the required
 
−
inspection:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst style='margin-left:.25in;mso-add-space:auto;
 
−
text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l11 level1 lfo10;tab-stops:list .25in'><![if !supportLists]><span
 
−
style='font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:
 
−
Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
−
</span></span></span><![endif]>100-foot tape measure or longer</p>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:.25in;mso-add-space:
 
−
auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l11 level1 lfo10;tab-stops:list .25in'><![if !supportLists]><span
 
−
style='font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:
 
−
Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
−
</span></span></span><![endif]>25-foot tape measure</p>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:.25in;mso-add-space:
 
−
auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l11 level1 lfo10;tab-stops:list .25in'><![if !supportLists]><span
 
−
style='font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:
 
−
Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
−
</span></span></span><![endif]>Measuring wheel</p>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:.25in;mso-add-space:
 
−
auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l11 level1 lfo10;tab-stops:list .25in'><![if !supportLists]><span
 
−
style='font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:
 
−
Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
−
</span></span></span><![endif]>6-foot stick ruler</p>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:.25in;mso-add-space:
 
−
auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l11 level1 lfo10;tab-stops:list .25in'><![if !supportLists]><span
 
−
style='font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:
 
−
Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
−
</span></span></span><![endif]>4-foot level</p>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle style='margin-left:.25in;mso-add-space:
 
−
auto;text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l11 level1 lfo10;tab-stops:list .25in'><![if !supportLists]><span
 
−
style='font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:
 
−
Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
−
</span></span></span><![endif]>Working plans</p>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoListParagraphCxSpLast style='margin-left:.25in;mso-add-space:auto;
 
−
text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l11 level1 lfo10;tab-stops:list .25in'><![if !supportLists]><span
 
−
style='font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:
 
−
Symbol'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>·<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
−
</span></span></span><![endif]>Camera </p>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoNormal>Verify the product is the correct type as shown on the plans
 
−
and noted in the specifications. Check the material for damage and defects
 
−
prior to installation. During installation watch for proper overlap at edges
 
−
and ends. Ensure the geotextile is flat and wrinkles and/or waves have been
 
−
removed except as noted above. During aggregate or granular material placement,
 
−
confirm the material does not move and that the overlap is not impacted by the
 
−
operation.</p>
 
−
 
−
<h2 style='mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><strong><span
 
−
style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-weight:
 
−
normal'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>6.2<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
−
</span></span></span></strong><![endif]><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;
 
−
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
 
−
mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>Testing<o:p></o:p></span></strong></h2>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoNormal>Geosynthetic materials must be tested according to the <a
 
−
href="https://www.michigan.gov/mdot/-/media/Project/Websites/MDOT/Business/Construction/Materials-Quality-Assurance-Procedures/2023-MQAP-Final-Links.pdf?rev=67f395ebd7dd49eeaf8061226ef47efd&amp;hash=A1CA9FFDE08C78A232A52DACA633D1BE">Materials
 
−
Quality Assurance Procedures (MQAP) Manual</a> prior to installation on the
 
−
project. The Inspector should work with the testing agency to obtain a sample
 
−
prior to installation of the material. Geotextiles must be unwrapped one full
 
−
roll circumference prior to sampling. All samples must be rolled and not folded
 
−
during shipment to prevent creases in the fabric. </p>
 
−
 
−
<h3 style='mso-list:l0 level3 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><strong><span
 
−
style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-weight:
 
−
normal'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>6.2.1<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
−
</span></span></span></strong><![endif]><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;
 
−
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
 
−
mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>Geotextile Fabric<o:p></o:p></span></strong></h3>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoNormal>Geotextile fabric testing is required for the first 500 to
 
−
1,500 <span class=SpellE>syd</span>, then one test for every additional 4,000
 
−
to 25,000 <span class=SpellE>syd</span>, depending on the work item. Geotextile
 
−
fabric may be accepted by visual inspection (VI) for a <b>maximum</b> of 500 <span
 
−
class=SpellE>syd</span> per material per project. It is recommended to
 
−
anticipate 28 calendar days for testing of geosynthetic material. Appropriate
 
−
sampling time must be considered to prevent delay during construction. The Contractor
 
−
should be encouraged to get their geosynthetic materials delivered to the site
 
−
as soon as possible to allow for sampling and testing to be performed. </p>
 
−
 
−
<h3 style='mso-list:l0 level3 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><strong><span
 
−
style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-weight:
 
−
normal'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>6.2.2<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
−
</span></span></span></strong><![endif]><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;
 
−
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
 
−
mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>Geogrid<o:p></o:p></span></strong></h3>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoNormal>One test per lot per shipment is required for biaxial
 
−
geogrid. <b><o:p></o:p></b></p>
 
−
 
−
<h1 style='mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span
 
−
style='mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'><span
 
−
style='mso-list:Ignore'>7<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
−
</span></span></span><![endif]>Measurement, Documentation &amp; Payment</h1>
 
−
 
−
<h2 style='mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><strong><span
 
−
style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-weight:
 
−
normal'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>7.1<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
−
</span></span></span></strong><![endif]><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;
 
−
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
 
−
mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>Measurement and Payment<o:p></o:p></span></strong></h2>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoNormal>Measure the geotextile fabric and geogrid in place to the
 
−
limits shown on the plans. The unit of payment is square yard.</p>
 
−
 
−
<h2 style='mso-list:l0 level2 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><strong><span
 
−
style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-weight:
 
−
normal'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>7.2<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
−
</span></span></span></strong><![endif]><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;
 
−
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;
 
−
mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>Documentation Requirements <o:p></o:p></span></strong></h2>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoNormal>The Daily Work Report (DWR) should show the Inspector’s measurements,
 
−
computations, and supporting documentation verifying the quantity submitted for
 
−
payment. All materials used must be VI by the Inspector and noted on the DWR.</p>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:black;mso-color-alt:windowtext;
 
−
background:white'>The Inspector should note in the remarks section of the DWR
 
−
the condition of the base material, material verification, and equipment used
 
−
for the delivery, placement of the geosynthetic material, and placement of
 
−
aggregate.</span></p>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoNormal><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;
 
−
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
 
−
font-weight:normal'>The </span></strong><a
 
−
href="https://mdotwiki.state.mi.us/images_construction/5/56/Documentation_Guide_2022_Final_04062022.pdf">MDOT
 
−
Documentation Guide</a><strong><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;
 
−
mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
 
−
font-weight:normal'> provides additional information.</span></strong></p>
 
−
 
−
<h1 style='mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span
 
−
style='mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'><span
 
−
style='mso-list:Ignore'>8<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
−
</span></span></span><![endif]>Local Agency Projects</h1>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoNormal>Reserved</p>
 
−
 
−
<h1 style='mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span
 
−
style='mso-fareast-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'><span
 
−
style='mso-list:Ignore'>9<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
 
−
</span></span></span><![endif]>Rail Projects</h1>
 
−
 
−
<p class=MsoNormal>Reserved</p>
 
−
 
−
</div>
 
−
 
−
</body>
 
−
 
−
</html>
 
  
  

Revision as of 09:25, 5 March 2025

308
Geotextiles for Base


GENERAL

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MATERIALS

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CONSTRUCTION

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MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT

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